Alustus Naton Euro-atlanttisen kumppanuusneuvoston sotilaskomitean kokouksessa: Suomalainen viranomaisyhteistyö soveltuisi esimerkiksi muille maille ja järjestöille.
07.12.2006
Kokouksen yhtenä teemana oli monikansallinen viranomaisyhteistyö kriisinhallintaoperaatioissa. Alustuksessa esiteltiin käytännön esimerkein suomalaisen kokonaismaanpuolustuksen periaatteita ja toimintatapamalleja sekä niiden käyttöä ja käytettävyyttä monikansallisessa viranomaisyhteistyössä. Puolustusvoimain komentaja tarjosi alustuksen päätteeksi suomalaisia toimintamalleja ja kehitystyössä saatuja kokemuksia Natolle ja sen jäsenmaille monikansallisen viranomaisyhteistyön kehittämiseen.
Alustuksessa esiteltiin:
- suomalaisen viranomaisverkon (VIRVE-järjestelmä) ja viranomaisyhteistyön toimintamallien ja järjestelmien soveltamista ja jatkokehittämistä siviili- ja sotilaalliseen kriisinhallintaan. Käytännön esimerkkinä oli järjestelyjen toteutus Kosovossa ja Bosniassa. Kehittämisen esimerkkeinä olivat sekä tekniikan testaaminen Coalition Interoperability Demonstrator 2007 harjoituksessa että yhteistoimintatapojen kehittäminen ja testaaminen Suomen johdolla Multinational Experiment 5 kokeiluharjoituksessa.
- suomalaisten merellisten viranomaisten toimintatapojen ja järjestelmien soveltamista ja jatkokehittämistä monikansalliseen yhteistoimintaan merellä. Käytännön esimerkkinä oli Ruotsin ja Suomen merivoimien yhteisen meritilannekuvan muodostaminen. Kehittämisnäkökulmana oli sekä kahdenvälisen yhteistoiminnan laajentaminen saatujen kokemusten perusteella että mahdollisuus pitkällä aikavälillä integroida Itämeren merivalvonta.
Alustus englanniksi:
Admiral Juhani Kaskeala
Chief of Defence, Finland
EAPMC-CS meeting in Brussels 16 November 2006
Finnish Approach to Homeland Security - Interagency Co-operation
Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen,
I am honoured to address you on the Finnish Approach to Homeland Security and in particular interagency co-operation. I will present our concept in a nutshell, with two examples how we implement it in practice and with some remarks on the way ahead.
It goes without saying that the world around us has become more complex and unpredictable. Actions and reactions in the security environment have effects and undesired effects that can have broad implications on our everyday life. Therefore, we need capabilities that are flexible, deployable and even scalable to meet the challenges.
One significant capability we need to bring up to date, is multinational interagency co-operation. For the past 10 years we have seen a significant increase in the demand for co-operation between numerous multinational authorities and agencies in crisis management and Homeland Security. Interagency co-operation is much more than just the ability to share information and intelligence between various communities of interest.
The ability to communicate with each other and the ability to share situational awareness and understanding would be a good start. In a few minutes I will show you two, mostly COTS-based, practical examples of these two capabilities.
The traditional Finnish Total Defence concept from the Cold War era has been revised to meet the requirements of today's security environment. Strategy for Securing the Functions Vital to Society was approved by the Finnish Government in November 2003. It is currently already under the first revision.
This strategy defines the roles and tasks of each Ministry in planning, preparation and execution of crisis management in Finland - including common and agreed threat and crisis scenarios. Co-operation and interaction are common practices today, and even the most difficult situations - also the defence of Finland - are practiced semiannually by all necessary authorities in a national wargame.
In principle this mechanism is the Finnish version of the Effects Based Approach to Operations. It does not have all the elements to conduct Effects Based Operations, but it is a comprehensive approach in which all components of national power are brought to bear in a very structured and coordinated way.
The strategy would be only a high-level concept if it was not supported by information technology that enables civilian and military authorities to communicate and share information with each other. The Finnish Government decided to establish a nation-wide TETRA telecommunication network to enable command, control and coordination even at the lowest level. The Initial operational capability was achieved in 2001.
Already in 2003, the TETRA-network and the Deployable COTS Network -System were deployed and operational also in KFOR for MNB(C). Since then the system has been used by many nations both in Kosovo and Bosnia. The basic idea was to use proven COTS-products and solutions in an innovative way that is acceptable to most users - to meet the minimum information exchange requirements. So the Finnish model - the approach, method and procedures - aimed for national purposes was successfully implemented in Crisis Response Operations.
Our next step is to develop an information exchange gateway that enables multiple national applications and systems from different generations to connect in a secure way with interagency partner systems. This Co-operative Integrated Interoperability Solution, the CIIS -project will be initiated in December by the Finnish Defence Forces in partnership with ASCOM and IBM. We invite any interested nation to take part in this project. We are looking forward to test the concept and solution in the Coalition Interoperability Demonstrator (CWID) 2007.
We are also taking part in the development of the civilian crisis management capabilities. Between 2001 and 2004 we took part in Information Technology and Crisis Management -project in which interagency co-operation concepts and IT-tools were developed. These solutions have been fielded, but they are not yet perfect. The next step in this area will be taken in the Multinational Experiment 5. Finland leads one of the Limited Objective Experiments named Shared Information Framework and Technology, the SHIFT.
The SHIFT promotes more transparent information sharing among all participants in Crisis Response Operations. The aim is to implement a cultural SHIFT that is supported by up-to-date technology. Today we are at the concept development phase. NATO ACT Enhanced CIMIC concept with its inter-agency perspective is one of the key projects identified to co-operate with the SHIFT Framework development.
Another new key area of interest is Maritime Security. As you can see on this slide it is obvious that Finland has a special interest in Maritime Surveillance and the security of the Sea lines of Communication in the Baltic Sea. From our perspective it is not surprising that several international fora are conducting studies and initiatives concerning the Maritime Domain.
The Finnish maritime officials put together a tri-authority community of interest to plan, prepare and act in maritime crisis situations. One of the key products of this community is the national Recognized Maritime Picture (RMP) where information from the Navy, the Coast Guard and the Maritime Administration is compiled. Other participants such as Port Authorities, Customs Service, Police and Rescue Service are more like customers even though exchange of information is based on national legislation since 1993.
The Maritime Interagency Co-operation focuses on maritime security and therefore situational awareness is the main effort. Each partner has agreed to share their national and international counterparts' data and products. Sharing of data is done without compromising any organization's integrity or core functions.
The Sea Surveillance Information System which compiles and presents the RMP is in operational use among all maritime actors. Each participant is given access at the level of their information requirements. The System has recently been upgraded to fulfil NATO standards.
Technically the Sea Surveillance Information System compiles data and information of radars, cameras and other sensor systems ashore and onboard vessels and aircraft. It also integrates information from other information networks such as the Automatic Information System and Pilot- and PortNet systems. The core of the system is data fusion.
In 2000 the Finnish and Swedish Navies started a pilot project that actually was an expansion of the Finnish Sea Surveillance Information System. The operational phase started in June 2006. Technically the co-operation could include maritime information from all the systems of both countries. This bilateral project has demonstrated to us that our model can also be used multinationally.
Pending on the benefits and results we may bilaterally extend this arrangement to the next level. And who knows we might even end up having a fully integrated maritime surveillance capability for the whole of the Baltic Sea.
In conclusion I would like to mention that nationally, our next significant step will be implementing the Finnish Government decision to develop a common information environment for all security authorities - the SecNet Environment. We intend to connect three different information and security domains. To avoid duplication we shall share the communication networks. The main idea is to combine the best capabilities and features from each participant so that we can learn from each other. We will benefit from wide participation in developing these capabilities, but at the same time we ensure our organizational integrity and special requirements.
This effort is an integral part of the Finnish Network Enabled Defence programme.
As a Way Ahead I am offering the Finnish models, expertise and practical experiences to all nations present at this table. I know we do not have the silver bullet, but we have experience in the implementation of interagency co-operation that could be useful for example in developing:
- Nato Network Enabled Capability and Interoperability with COTS products
- Maritime Security Operations, and
- Civil-Military Co-operation in Stability Operations
Thank you for your interest.
» Finnish Approach to Homeland Security - Interagency Co-operation (pdf, 2 MB)